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Manfred Max-Neef
Economist, musicians, teachers and university rectors,

Candidate for President of the Republic, Alternative Nobel Prize

Manfred was born October 16, 1932 in Valparaiso, Chile. His parents were German, which, however, did not belong to the classic nineteenth-century immigration introverted, but those who moved to South America after the 1st World War. His mother sent him an education humanism and love for music, the father is one of the founders of the Chilean political economy.

He studied Humanities at the Liceo de Aplicación, graduating in 1949 from sixth in humanities later admitted to study economics.

Manfred Max-Neef tells about his graduation from college: "I just graduated from the University of Chile, at 21 years old, I received a job offer from Shell. I was legitimately proud of being hired by one of the largest companies in the world. I made very good race in a few years, becoming a young and successful executive. After four years I was a night alone in my living room, listening to the Brahms First Symphony. By the second movement had the sudden feeling that Brahms asked, "What are you doing with your life?" It was a feeling so intense that I began to imagine visions of my future as an executive worldwide, making big oil business, in the middle of well-known tycoons. Suddenly I was sure that the character did not fit me. I could not recognize me at ease in these images. A week later I gave up undisclosed, of course, the real reasons "brahmsianas." I returned to college to complete my studies graduate. And Brahms acquired with a debt of gratitude for life. "

Max-Neef leaves the conventional career to engage in intellectual vagrancy, while developing a growing interest in development issues. In 1957 he's back to the industry and is dedicated to studying the problems of developing countries. He worked for UN organizations and U.S. universities and Latin America. In 1961 goes to a school called the U.S., where it becomes a career in Berkeley, California.

In 1973 accepted a call from the University of Chile, which was up just before the coup against the government of the Unit Popular. Max-Neef went into exile.

happens to work in Argentina in the Bariloche Foundation, strongly marked by Carlos Mallmann, and which grow symbiotically natural sciences, mathematics and music. In those times is published "Limits of poverty ', in A. Herrera and HD Scolnik, which appears in the Bariloche model "which presents a model of alternative world based on equality and the idea of \u200b\u200bbasic needs, it does not end with the global collapse.

Project Between work and theoretical reflection, grow your wealth of ideas. Max-Neef is finally rewarded in 1983 with the Alternative Nobel.

With the prize money, Max-Neef in Santiago, Chile founded the Center for the Study and Promotion of Urban Affairs (CEPAUR), in order to implement their ideas on a "human scale development 'and from then multiply the international awards.

Max-Neef becomes a member of the Club of Rome, the European Academy of Arts and Sciences, International Group Protectors of Refugee Studies Program at the University of Oxford, Great Britain, as well as committees Scientific Leopold Kohr Academy in Salzburg, Austria, and Honorary International Dag Hammarskjold Foundation, Sweden. It also forms the Advisory Board of the Institute for Environmental Creativity (Creative Environment Institute) in Yokohama, Japan and serves as scientific advisor to the Black Sea University, Romania, and Fellow of the British Society Schumacher.

Professor of Ecological Economics in the UK also Schumacher College, based in Devon, also participates on the Editorial Board of the International Journal of Ecological Economics (Journal of Ecological Economics). Professor of Development Economics at the University of California, Berkeley, and visiting teacher at several universities in the United States and other countries in Latin America.

For current activities, the expert in applied economics vast experience as a member of the Advisory Council of the Governments of Canada and Sweden for Sustainable Development, or as a professor of economics at the University of Chile.

Among other duties, he served as an Economist General Fund of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Head of Mission of the International Labour Organization (ILO), consultant to the United Nations Fund Children's Fund (UNICEF) and United Nations Program for Development (UNDP).

Your search

intellectual sympathy for simple people, the small is beautiful Schumacher, Leopold Kohr's obsession by units comprised inspired by Dag-Hammarskjöld Foundation, I needed examples of alternative sector development in Latin America, the alternative thinking of the Bariloche Foundation and especially its own project work fueled the search for Max-Neef's proposals for the implementation of the 'human scale development. " As the development should not be imposed from above but must come from the base, developed a method to grasp the true wishes and needs of ordinary people.

The "development" defined it as the "liberation of possibilities creative "of all members of society, as a distinctly separate concept of economic growth and not be a condition for it.

The object of his search as exemplified by the act of a mother breastfeeding her baby, a newborn has a basic need, the subsistence finds satisfaction in being breastfed, an act which in turn wakes up other needs such as protection, love and identity and simultaneously stimulates your satisfaction.

According to this model, Max-Neef builds an array with nine basic needs (tenth, the search for transcendence, seemed then too bold), connected axiologically with four categories of satisfaction of needs. The nine basic needs are: subsistence, protection, affection, understanding, participation, leisure, creation, identity and freedom. The four categories corresponding to the level of satisfaction are: be, have, do, and interaction.

Experiments were originally performed in the late 60's and early 70's in different parts of Latin America and then went elsewhere, even in developed countries. With the experience thus obtained was then crystallized as a result that will have a central value in thinking posterior de Max-Neef: no existe, tal su tesis, correlación alguna entre el grado de desarrollo económico (industrial) y la felicidad relativa de las personas implicadas y también parecen aumentar la soledad y la alienación en las sociedades desarrolladas.

Para los conocedores de las teorías del desarrollo, tales formulaciones no son nada nuevo. En ese sentido, Max-Neef no es tanto un teórico, sino más bien un pensador pragmático sobre lo sensato y factible, que desea inspirar a la gente sencilla de la periferia geográfica y social a desarrollar la iniciativa propia, la responsabilidad y la búsqueda de identidad. Tampoco es el fundador de una escuela propia del pensamiento, sino que moves within defined parameters and by others before him, Schumacher, Kohr, Fundación Bariloche, Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation. Max-Neef wants to be a voice in the chorus of alternative thinkers, a stubborn and high voice.

In his reflections on the future of humanity has come to define scenarios between sunset and feasibility. As possibilities include the partial or total loss of humanity as a result of a nuclear or ecological catastrophe. But the real terror for Max-Neef is the scene of a realization of science fiction, the case of a polarized society of barbarians, in which the rich barricade themselves behind wire barbed, high voltage fences, walls with shards of glass and armed guards, while some in the midst of nightmarish landscapes, the marginalized wander in and steal.

These reflections lead him in the 90 to make the thesis of 'threshold' at a certain point of economic growth, industrialization classic, quality of life of citizens began to decline. Verify this hypothesis based on the index of Sustainable Economic Welfare of the United Nations: Austria, as the timid modernizing, you get a better position than Germany and the countries of continental Europe experienced the "threshold point" less dramatically than England, USA

For most Chileans Manfred Max-Neef is known in the mid-nineties, when in the midst of a polarized presidential election, launched a bizarre presidential campaign where the candidate, Manfred himself, said that under no circumstances I wanted to be president. The nomination in 1993, managed to overcome in votes to the Communist candidate, was generated in a participatory process by a large rainbow of contesting social and political organizations. This, in a context in which he was guaranteed the victory of the Concertación's presidential candidate, as could be expected that a portion of the electorate seek expression through this application.

was Rector of the Universidad Austral de Chile (1994 - 2002). Currently he serves as Professor of Ecological Economics and Pro Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Management at the Universidad Austral de Chile, and maintains collaborative relationships with diverse groups of researchers from Europe and Latin America.


THEIR WORKS

• Limits to Anthropic Manipulation of the Biosphere. Paper, University of Chile and the Club of Rome, 1999.


• Economic Growth and Quality of Life: A Threshold Hypothesis, in: Ecological Economics, 15 (1995), 115-118.


• Barefoot Economy Signals from the Invisible World (1993).


• Human Scale Development: Concepts, Applications and Reflections (1993).


• From the Outside Looking in: Experiences in Barefoot Economics. Foreword by Leopold Kohr, Uppsala, Dag-Hammarskjöld-Foundation (new edition, London, Zed Books 1992).


• -Real-Life Economics. Understanding Wealth Creation. Edited by Paul Ekins and Manfred Max-Neef, London, New York, Routledge.
1992 Rethinking

• City Latin America (1988).


• Real Life Economics: Understanding Wealth Creation (1992).


• From the Outside Looking In: Experiences in Barefoot Economics (1992).


• Human Scale Development. Conception, Application and Further Reflections. New York, London, Apex Press. 1991


• menschlichem Entwicklung nach Mass (1990).


• From the Outside Looking In (1984).

Fran Andra Sidan
• (1984).


• civil society and democratic culture: Messages and paradoxes. With Antonio Elizalde Santiago de Chile, CEPAUR. 1989.


• Work, Urban Size and Quality of Life (1978).


• The World Apart (1972).


• Resources Development (1968).


• Business Motivation and Concentration of Economic Power (1965).


• Around a Sociology of Development (1965). Awards
  
  
  
• Alternative Nobel Prize 1983, awarded by the Parliament of Sweden as the creator of the principles of "Barefoot Economics" and the Theory Human Scale Development.


• In 1987, he received the National Prize for the Promotion and Defense of Human Rights, delivered by a group of institutions that fought against the dictatorship that ruled the destiny of Chile between 1973 and 1990 and acknowledged that how the work of the scientist in favor of democracy in his country.


• Gold Shield merit Grand Officer of the Order of Sol de Carabobo, Venezuela.
  academic award granted by the University of Manizales, Colombia. (1997)


• Japanese Soka University bestowed the Award Highest Honor University (University Award of Highest Honour) (1997).


• Medal Excellence in Grade Gold Universitaria, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Colombia.


• Doctor of Economics honoris causa from the University of Jordan.
  

References
http://www.sipaz.net/noticias.shtml?x=4572
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manfred_Max-Neef
http://www.tierramerica.net/global/consejo/mmneef.shtml
http://www.revistaca.cl/2005/10/manfred-max-neef-la-inevitable-necesidad- of-a-more-efficient-energy /
http://www.max-neef.cl
http://www.mundonuevo.cl/revista/nov_dic_2007/interior_jpg/10.php
http://www .iepe.org / magazine / ver_articulo.php? id = 91 & PHPSESSID = 44b4f3170fde70b904ef7d9f4aa60cb4
http://www.mundonuevo.cl/revista/nov_dic_2007/interior_jpg/10.php
http:/ / www.revistaca.cl/2005/10/manfred-max-neef-la-inevitable-necesidad-de-una-mayor-eficiencia-energetica/